The biggest hotspots between Korea and China أكبر النقاط الساخنة بين كوريا والصين
أولاً: تاريخ الحرب بين الصين وكوريا الجنوبية
في العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين، توترت العلاقات الصينية الكورية بسبب الجدل التاريخي حول مملكة غوغوريو القديمة في شمال شرق آسيا. في مشروع الشمال الشرقي:
First: The History of the War between China and South
Korea
In the 2000s
the Sino-Korean relationship was soured by the history debates over an ancient kingdom in Northeast Asia, Goguryeo. In the Northeast Project:
a Chinese government-sponsored research project that was launched in 2002, a group of Chinese historians revised the ancient history of the northeast regions of contemporary China.One notable revision was the inclusion of Goguryeo in Chinese history. Goguryeo was an ancient kingdom which occupied the Northern regions of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria between B.C. 37 and A.D. 668. Before this revision, the kingdom was generally regarded as a part of ancient Korean history. However, the project rejected this conventional wisdom and defined the kingdom as a local Chinese ethnic regime. Moreover, the Chinese government registered the remains of Goguryeo as a UNESCO world heritage site.
in 2004
and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ official website deleted the Goguryeo entry from its pages on Korean history in the same year.
South Korean society responded with bitter sentiment
The project was characterized as “stealing our history.” Editorials in the major newspapers vehemently condemned the Northeast Project. The South Korean government established a government-funded research institute to counter Chinese scholarly claims over the kingdom and named the institute the Goguryeo Research Foundation.
In 2004 also
South Korea even summoned its ambassador in Beijing, and then-President Roh Moo-hyun also protested to Wen Jiabao, then-Premier of China, during the Sixth Asia-Europe Meeting in 2006.
Such a heated reaction was not surprising considering the meaning of the history of Goguryeo to Korean society. The history of the kingdom is considered as the heyday of the Korean nation. For Koreans who have experienced national humiliation (i.e., colonization by the Japanese Empire), Goguryeo is a romanticized memory of an ancient Korean kingdom that possessed vast territories and a strong military. In addition, many Koreans believe that the history of Goguryeo represents the independence of their nation, as the kingdom had thwarted a series of military invasions by the Chinese Sui Empire. They also believe that the name of the nation, Korea, originated from Goguryeo (Koguryo, in the previously used Roman alphabet of Korea). Therefore, Chinese claims on the history of Goguryeo posed a serious challenge to Korean national pride.
Some Korean experts warned against the possibility of future Chinese expansionism or territorial claims based on
its historical claims on Goguryeo. In a high-ranking official meeting in 2004, both countries orally agreed that they would take measures to prevent future Goguryeo controversies from undermining their relationship.
In addition to the Northeast Project Beijing has been conducting a number of similar history research projects
namely the Xinjiang Project
the Southwest Project
the Tibet Project
the Northern Border Project
the Grassland Project
which deal with the histories of the Uighurs in Xinjiang, border areas with several Southeast Asian countries, Tibetans, and Mongols, respectively.
In 2014
China built a memorial for An Jung Gun, a Korean independence activist who assassinated Ito Hirobumi, then Prime Minister of the Empire of Japan, in Harbin at Korean President Park Geun-hye’s request.As two neighboring countries, however, China and Korea also havetheir own history issues.
Second: What makes South Koreans so negative about China?
81 percent of South Korean respondents expressed negative or very negative sentiments. That is (substantially) more than in any of the 56 countries surveyed worldwide as part of the Sinophone Borderlands project.
in 2015
South Koreans were relatively positive about China, when only 37 percent of them held unfavorable views.
in 2016
Korean attitudes toward China turned sharply negative over subsequent years. This is usually explained as a result of the tensions in bilateral relations surrounding the deployment of the U.S. anti-ballistic missile system THAAD, which was announced.
In March 2018
Transboundary air pollution has been hotly debated between South Korea and China over the past few years. , an online petition demanding the South Korean government to hold China accountable for transboundary air pollution gained about 270,000 online signatures.
South Korean outlets often:
suggest that younger people (in their 20s) are more antagonistic toward China than other age groups. In our survey, respondents in their 20s and 30s tend to be slightly more negative about China’s environmental impact than those in the 50s age group.
In 2019
when China denied that air pollution in South Korea originated from China, conservative groups launched protests in front of the Chinese embassy in Seoul.
In South Korea, Chinese technology is seen substantially more negatively than anywhere else in the world.
The Role of COVID-19
The role of the coronavirus in driving Korean views of China is confirmed by regression analysis, which reveals that perception of how China has handled the coronavirus pandemic, and assessments of its vaccines (both seen very negatively in South Korea), are strong predictors of the general attitudes toward China.
in July 2021
South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, for example, released a notice about its amendments on the official guidelines on the appropriate foreign language for some Korean staples, which stipulates to translate Kimchi into the more similar sounding xinqi (辛奇) in Chinese, thus distancing itself from the original translation Korean paocai (韩国泡菜) as paocai (泡菜) is Chinese pickled vegetables. This measurement has incited heated debates across the two nations.
In 2021
South Korean public opinion is China’s negative impact on the global natural environment.
the most negatively perceived aspect of China tends to be “China’s military power.” This goes against the assumption that as China’s immediate neighbor, South Korea would be more sensitive about China’s military as a potential threat to its national security.
During the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics
the situation further exacerbated when the Chinese side presented a woman wearing hanbok as a representative of ethnic Koreans, or Joseonjok people, in China. While the Chinese embassy in Seoul argued for the Chinese minority’s right to represent China wearing its own traditional costumes, Korean commentators typically responded along the lines of cultural appropriation.
In conclusion
1 - Conflict of interests around the town of Giorgio in 2004
2 - China built a memorial to An Gang-jun, the murderer of the Japanese Prime Minister in 2014
3 - the U.S. anti-ballistic missile system THAAD
4- Establishing some projects that affect the interest of one of the two sides, such as:
(the Northeast Projec Beijing has been conducting a number of similar history research projects - namely the Xinjiang Project - the Southwest Project)
5 - South Korean public opinion is China’s negative impact on the global natural environment
6 - South Korea would be more sensitive about China’s military as a potential threat to its national security.
7 - Transboundary air pollution has been hotly debated between South Korea and China over the past few years
8 - In South Korea, Chinese technology is seen substantially more negatively than anywhere else in the world
9 - A very negative trend from Koreans to China regarding dealing with Covid 18 and the vaccine
10 - Some cultural disputes between the two countries over naming some vegetables that originally belong to China, while Korea insists on naming them with another culture.
11 - the Chinese side presented a woman wearing hanbok as a representative of ethnic Koreans, or Joseonjok people, in China. While the Chinese embassy in Seoul argued for the Chinese minority’s right to represent China wearing its own traditional costum.
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